四路鉴相器瞬时测频解模糊方法研究

比相法瞬时测频在电子对抗和空馈式雷达目标模拟领域占据重要地位。首先,介绍了比相法瞬时测频原理,设计了利用四路鉴相器实现瞬时测频的方法,并重点研究了四路鉴相器由低位向高位解模糊方法,给出了解模糊前后鉴相器二进制位构成和具体解模糊过程,该方法具有重要的工程参考价值。     

基于自适应遗传算法的DGPS整周模糊度快速解算

 鉴于遗传算法(GA)所具有的全局搜索特性,也为了更快速准确地解算差分全球定位系统(DGPS)整周模糊度,将自适应遗传算法(AGA)引入DGPS整周模糊度的搜索中。首先根据全球定位系统(GPS)载波相位双差方程求解出双差整周模糊度的浮点解,并以基线长度作为约束条件确定整周模糊度的搜索范围;然后利用白化滤波的方法对整周模糊度进行降相关处理,降低整周模糊度各分量之间的相关性;最后将自适应遗传算法应用在整周模糊度的解算过程中,搜索整周模糊度的最优解。仿真计算结果表明,与LAMBDA算法和简单遗传算法相比,自适应遗传算法能够快速地求解整周模糊度,也具有较好的可靠性和鲁棒性。     

Multiple model particle flter track-before-detect for range ambiguous radar

The middle pulse repetition frequency（MPRF）and high pulse repetition frequency（HPRF）modes are widely adopted in airborne pulse Doppler（PD）radar systems,which results in the problem that the range measurement of targets is ambiguous.The existing data processing based range ambiguity resolving methods work well on the condition that the signal-to-noise ratio（SNR）is high enough.In this paper,a multiple model particle flter（MMPF）based track-beforedetect（TBD）method is proposed to address the problem of target detection and tracking with range ambiguous radar in low-SNR environment.By introducing a discrete variable that denotes whether a target is present or not and the discrete pulse interval number（PIN）as components of the target state vector,and modeling the incremental variable of the PIN as a three-state Markov chain,the proposed algorithm converts the problem of range ambiguity resolving into a hybrid state fltering problem.At last,the hybrid fltering problem is implemented by a MMPF-based TBD method in the Bayesian framework.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed Bayesian approach can estimate target state as well as the PIN simultaneously,and succeeds in detecting and tracking weak targets with the range ambiguous radar.Simulation results also show that the performance of the proposed method is superior to that of the multiple hypothesis（MH）method in low-SNR environment.     

一种基于有限记忆算法的干涉仪解模糊纠错方法

针对在通道相位误差较大时常规干涉仪测角解模糊算法频繁出错的问题,提出了一种基于有限记忆算法的干涉仪解模糊检测与纠错方法。利用干涉仪逐次递推测角算法解模糊的结果估计出角度和整周模糊值的初始值,在此基础上进行角度和整周模糊值的有限记忆递推,识别并纠正逐次递推测角算法中出错的解模糊测角数据,期望得到正确的解模糊结果,以保证后续角度数据的处理精度。仿真结果表明,有限记忆纠错算法能够有效地识别并纠正逐次递推解模糊测角算法中存在的模糊值出错问题,降低干涉仪解模糊的出错概率。此方法对其它体制的相位干涉仪测角解模糊纠错也具有一定指导意义。     

一种新的GPS单频单历元定姿算法研究

将全球卫星定位系统(GPS)单历元的L1波段的载波相位和码相位观测方程进行组合求解整周模糊度的浮点解。基于对浮点解与固定解间关系的分析,提出了一种将低精度浮点解映射到固定解的方法,降低了最小二乘降相关平差(LAMBDA)算法对高精度浮点解的依赖性,避免了多个历元求解高精度浮点解,实现了单频、单历元的整周模糊度估计。实际数据测试结果表明:算法的成功率大于95%,能有效地实时解算动态姿态。     

海基JPALS的多参考一致性检验算法

针对舰载参考站的移动特性提出了海基联合精密进近着陆（舰）系统（JPALS）的多参考一致性检验（MRCC）算法。首先,利用舰船上的惯导系统输出的姿态信息和舰船尺寸测量数据,将每个参考站的原始伪距和载波相位观测量从其天线位置转换到舰船参考点上;然后,对转换后的各参考站几何无关组合观测量进行均值滤波,得到其宽巷模糊度估计值;最后,计算转换后的各原始观测量和宽巷模糊度估计值的B值。在无故障情况下,这些测量值的B值分布在一定范围（阈值）内,但在参考站故障、严重多径或无线电干扰等情形下,B值可能超出阈值。通过模拟实验采集数据,并计算B值幅度和阈值,结果表明,通常情况下各观测量的B值幅度很小,当某个参考站的接收测量值出现异常时,可以检测到其B值超过阈值。研究表明,该算法满足海基JPALS的多参考一致性检验完好性风险指标要求。      

一种基于压缩感知的高分辨率宽测绘带合成孔径雷达成像算法

针对高分辨率宽测绘带合成孔径雷达（High Resolution Wide Swath Synthetic Aperture Radar, HRWS SAR）在俯仰向波束形成受地面目标高程影响造成增益损失以及在方位向非均匀采样造成模糊的问题,文中提出了一种基于压缩感知（Compressed Sensing, CS）技术的HRWS SAR成像算法。根据SAR系统和平台参数建立精确的观测模型后,通过求解优化问题直接准确地估计出了在地面高程变化影响下的目标来波方向（Direction of Arrival, DOA）并重建了非均匀采样下的方位向观测场景,从而实现了HRWS SAR在俯仰向和方位向的非模糊成像。仿真结果表明了本文算法的有效性。     

星载SAR全方位模糊特性及计算方法

常规的星载SAR模糊度计算方法是基于距离向一维方向图和方位向一维方向图,独立进行距离向模糊度和方位向模糊度分析.由于星载SAR对地观测是二维的,因此距离模糊度是全方位的,且真实的模糊能量仅来自于距离向模糊信号,方位向模糊是基于距离向模糊信号的基础上由于成像处理导致的模糊信号重组.为解决系统设计时预估分析的距离向模糊度值...     

两步法快速解算编队卫星GPS模糊度

为克服卫星编队飞行实时相对定位中双频模糊度解算速度慢的缺点,结合扩展Kalman滤波(EKF,Extended Kalman Filter),首先采用少数个历元(如10个)相位平滑伪距相对定位结果与 L₆的平均值对滤波初始化,再根据两步法解算双频模糊度,即先解算并正确固定宽巷模糊度,获得较准确的基线分量估值,然后采用选权拟合方法,将基线分量作为约束条件解算并固定双频模糊度.仿真算例计算结果表明,当宽巷模糊度正确固定后,编队卫星间相对定位误差在5cm以内,两步法可以在较短时间(约3min)内固定双频模糊度,为精确解算编队卫星的相对状态提供保障.     

Novel closed-loop approaches for precise relative navigation of widely separated GPS receivers in LEO

This paper deals with the relative navigation of a formation of two spacecrafts separated by hundreds of kilometers based on processing dual-frequency differential carrier-phase GPS measurements. Specific requirements of the considered application are high relative positioning accuracy and real-time on board implementation. These can be conflicting requirements. Indeed, if on one hand high accuracy can be achieved by exploiting the integer nature of double-difference carrier-phase ambiguities, on the other hand the presence of large ephemeris errors and differential ionospheric delays makes the integer ambiguities determination challenging. Closed-loop schemes, which update the relative position estimates of a dynamic filter with feedback from integer ambiguities fixing algorithms, are customarily employed in these cases. This paper further elaborates such approaches, proposing novel closed loop techniques aimed at overcoming some of the limitations of traditional algorithms. They extend techniques developed for spaceborne long baseline relative positioning by making use of an on-the-fly ambiguity resolution technique especially developed for the applications of interest. Such techniques blend together ionospheric delay compensation techniques, nonlinear models of relative spacecraft dynamics, and partial integer validation techniques. The approaches are validated using flight data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission. Performance is compared to that of the traditional closed-loop scheme analyzing the capability of each scheme to maximize the percentage of correctly fixed integer ambiguities as well as the relative positioning accuracy. Results show that the proposed approach substantially improves performance of the traditional approaches. More specifically, centimeter-level root-mean square relative positioning is feasible for spacecraft separations of more than 260 km, and an integer ambiguity fixing performance as high as 98% is achieved in a 1-day long dataset. Results also show that approaches exploiting ionospheric delay models are more robust and precise of approaches relying on ionospheric-delay removal techniques.